Original Language Studio

Exodus 1:14

“And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.” (KJV)

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Lexical meaning

מָרַרmârar · maw-rar'
H4843 · Hebrew

Definition: to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)
Derivation: a primitive root; properly, to trickle (see H4752 (מַר)); but used only as a denominative from H4751 (מַר);
KJV renderings: (be, be in, deal, have, make) bitter(-ly, -ness), be moved with choler, (be, have sorely, it) grieved(-eth), provoke, vex.
Grammar: וַ — conjunction
יְמָרְר֨וּ — verb Piel, sequential imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural
Code HC/Vpw3mp
Usage: Occurs 14 times in the Hebrew Bible.Genesis 49:23 Exodus 23:21 Ruth 1:13 Ruth 1:20 2 Kings 4:27

Theological interpretation (AI)

The card on the left shows lexical data from published sources. Interpretation is separate: ask the Companion to explain how traditions read מָרַר here.

Verse 13 Verse 15

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex (public domain). Morphology & lemmas: Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible, CC BY 4.0 (hb.openscriptures.org). Lexicon: Strong's Hebrew Dictionary (1894, public domain; JSON edition © Open Scriptures, CC BY-SA). Verse numbers follow the Hebrew text, which occasionally differs from English Bibles.